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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leon Max Lederman</span></h1>
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<p><b>Leon Max Lederman</b> (* <a href="15._Juli" title="15. Juli">15. Juli</a> <a href="1922" title="1922">1922</a> in <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="New_York_(Bundesstaat)" title="New York (Bundesstaat)">New York</a>; † <a href="3._Oktober" title="3. Oktober">3. Oktober</a> <a href="2018" title="2018">2018</a> in <a href="Rexburg" title="Rexburg">Rexburg</a>, <a href="Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) war ein <a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">US-amerikanischer</a> <a href="Physiker" title="Physiker">Physiker</a> und <a href="Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Nobelpreis für Physik">Nobelpreisträger für Physik</a>.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>
<p>Leon M. Lederman studierte <a href="Chemie" title="Chemie">Chemie</a> am <a href="City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-apnews_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="Bachelor" title="Bachelor">Bachelor</a> 1943) und an der <a href="Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, wo er nach dem Wehrdienst 1943 bis 1946 als Offizier im <a href="US_Army_Signal_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army Signal Corps">US Army Signal Corps</a> 1948 seinen <a href="Master" title="Master">Masterabschluss</a> machte und 1951 <a href="Promotion_(Doktor)" title="Promotion (Doktor)">promovierte</a>. Ab 1952 war er dort <i>Assistant Professor</i> und ab 1958 Professor für Physik. 1972 bis 1979 war er <i>Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics</i> an der Columbia University. 1961 bis 1979 war er dort Direktor der Nevis Laboratories. 1979 wurde er zum Direktor des <i><a href="Fermi_National_Accelerator_Laboratory" title="Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory">Fermilab</a></i> ernannt und leitete es bis 1989. Danach war er <i>Frank L.&nbsp;Sulzberger Professor of Physics</i> an der <a href="University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> und ab 1992 <i>Pritzker Professor of Physics</i> am <a href="Illinois_Institute_of_Technology" title="Illinois Institute of Technology">Illinois Institute of Technology</a>.
</p><p>Lederman erhielt 1988 zusammen mit <a href="Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Melvin Schwartz</a> und <a href="Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a> den <a href="Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Nobelpreis für Physik">Nobelpreis für Physik</a> „für die Neutrinostrahlmethode und den Nachweis der <a href="Elektroschwache_Wechselwirkung#Physik_der_schwachen_und_elektroschwachen_Wechselwirkung" title="Elektroschwache Wechselwirkung">Doublettstruktur der Leptonen</a> durch die Entdeckung des <a href="Myon-Neutrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Myon-Neutrino">Myon-Neutrinos</a>“.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Innerhalb dieser experimentellen Untersuchungen gelang es ihnen zu zeigen, dass es unterschiedliche Arten von Neutrinos gibt. Neben dem bereits bekannten <a href="Elektron-Neutrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektron-Neutrino">Elektron-Neutrino</a> entdeckten sie 1962 im amerikanischen <a href="Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a> das Myon-Neutrino und bestätigten damit ein grundlegendes <a href="Postulat" title="Postulat">Postulat</a> der <a href="Lepton" title="Lepton">Leptonen</a>-Theorie.
</p><p>Mit der Entdeckung des <a href="Bottom-Quark" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom-Quark">Bottom-Quark</a> 1977 am <a href="Fermi_National_Accelerator_Laboratory" title="Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory">Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory</a> in <a href="Batavia_(Illinois)" title="Batavia (Illinois)">Batavia</a>, <a href="Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> setzte Lederman einen weiteren Meilenstein in der Physik der <a href="Elementarteilchen" title="Elementarteilchen">Elementarteilchen</a>.
</p><p>1957 war er mit <a href="Richard_Garwin" title="Richard Garwin">Richard Garwin</a> und Marcel Weinrich an einem der grundlegenden Experimente zur Entdeckung der <a href="Parit%C3%A4tsverletzung" title="Paritätsverletzung">Paritätsverletzung</a> in der <a href="Schwache_Wechselwirkung" title="Schwache Wechselwirkung">schwachen Wechselwirkung</a> beteiligt.
</p><p>1958 absolvierte Lederman sein erstes Sabbatical am <a href="CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> (der Europäischen Organisation für Kernforschung), wo er ein Team zur Durchführung des <a href="Land%C3%A9-Faktor#Anomale_g-Faktoren_des_Spins" title="Landé-Faktor">g-2-Experiments</a> zusammenstellte. Dieses CERN-Programm sollte etwa 19 Jahre dauern und viele CERN-Physiker (<a href="Emilio_Picasso" title="Emilio Picasso">Picasso</a>, <a href="Francis_Farley" title="Francis Farley">Farley</a>, <a href="Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a>, Johannes Sens, <a href="Antonino_Zichichi" title="Antonino Zichichi">Zichichi</a> usw.) einbeziehen. Es leitete auch einige Teamarbeiten in der CERN-Forschung ein, die bis in die Mitte der 1970er Jahre andauerten.<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-munzinger_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munzinger-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>1992 war er Präsident der <a href="American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>. Seit 1965 war er Mitglied der <a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, seit 1970 der <a href="American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> und seit 1989 der <a href="American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2003 wurde er als auswärtiges Mitglied in die <a href="Russische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften" title="Russische Akademie der Wissenschaften">Russische Akademie der Wissenschaften</a> aufgenommen.
</p><p>Mit seinem Buch <i>The God particle. If the universe is the answer, what is the question?</i> prägte er den Begriff des „Gottesteilchens“ für das <a href="Higgs-Boson" title="Higgs-Boson">Higgs-Boson</a>. Ursprünglich verwendete er dafür den Ausdruck <i>goddamn particle,</i> also „gottverdammtes Teilchen“, weil sich dieses bisher nicht nachweisen ließ und den Physikern Kopfzerbrechen bereitete. Erst in der Redaktion des Buches wurde der Begriff auf <i>God particle</i> verkürzt und führte so zu der missverständlichen Annahme, dass diese Bezeichnung darauf anspiele, dass ein Nachweis des Higgs-Bosons einem Beweis für die Existenz des <a href="Higgs-Mechanismus" title="Higgs-Mechanismus">Higgs-Feldes</a> gleichkommt, das eine theoretische Erklärung für die Massen der <a href="Elementarteilchen" title="Elementarteilchen">Elementarteilchen</a> liefern kann.
</p><p>Ab 2011 setzte bei ihm Demenz ein und er zog mit seiner Frau Ellen nach Driggs, Idaho. 2015 versteigerte er seine Nobelpreis-Medaille für 765.000 US-Dollar, um Behandlungs- und Pflegekosten bezahlen zu können. Am 3.&nbsp;Oktober 2018 starb Lederman in einem Pflegeheim in Rexburg, Idaho.<sup id="cite_ref-apnews_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Auszeichnungen">Auszeichnungen</h2></div>
<ul><li>1965 <a href="National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a></li>
<li>1982 <a href="Wolf-Preis" title="Wolf-Preis">Wolf-Preis</a> in Physik</li>
<li>1988 <a href="Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Nobelpreis für Physik">Nobelpreis für Physik</a></li>
<li>1992 <a href="Enrico-Fermi-Preis" title="Enrico-Fermi-Preis">Enrico-Fermi-Preis</a></li>
<li>1995 <a href="Ordem_Nacional_do_M%C3%A9rito_Cient%C3%ADfico" title="Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico">Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>2012 <a href="Vannevar_Bush_Award" title="Vannevar Bush Award">Vannevar Bush Award</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schriften">Schriften</h2></div>
<ul><li>Mit Dick Teresi: <i>The God Particle. If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question?</i> Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1993, 2006 (deutsch: <i>Das schöpferische Teilchen. Der Grundbaustein des Universums.</i> Übersetzt von Friedrich Griese. Bertelsmann, München 1993, ISBN 3-570-12037-6).</li>
<li>Mit Christopher Hill: <i>Symmetry and the beautiful universe.</i> Prometheus Books, 2004.</li>
<li>Mit <a href="David_Schramm" title="David Schramm">David Schramm</a>: <i>From quarks to the cosmos. Tools of discovery.</i> Freeman, 1989 (deutsch: <i>Vom Quark zum Kosmos.</i> Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Heidelberg 1990, ISBN 978-3-89330-812-5).</li>
<li><i>The discovery of the bottom quark, upsilon and b-meson.</i> In: Hoddeson, Brown, Riordan, Dresden (Hrsg.): <i>The rise of the standard model.</i> Cambridge University Press, 1997, S.&nbsp;101–113.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Rocky Kolb: <cite style="font-style:italic">Leon Max Lederman (1922–2018)</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Science" title="Science">Science</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>362</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>6418</span>, 30.&nbsp;November 2018, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220036-8075%22&amp;key=cql">0036-8075</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1001</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav9603">10.1126/science.aav9603</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6418/1001">sciencemag.org</a> [abgerufen am 30.&nbsp;November 2018]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Leon+Max+Lederman&amp;rft.atitle=Leon+Max+Lederman+%281922-2018%29&amp;rft.au=Rocky+Kolb&amp;rft.date=2018-11-30&amp;rft.doi=10.1126%2Fscience.aav9603&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=0036-8075&amp;rft.issue=6418&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.pages=1001&amp;rft.volume=362" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leon_M._Lederman?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Leon M. Lederman</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/summary/">Informationen</a> der <a href="Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelstiftung</a> zur Preisverleihung 1988 an Leon Max Lederman (englisch)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&amp;query=119560429">Literatur von und über Leon Max Lederman</a> im Katalog der <a href="Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schuelerakademie.de/dsa/2001/6/kurs62.html">Spurensuche im Teilchenzoo</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11605003.html">Biografie bei der APS</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.fnal.gov/2018/10/leon-lederman-nobel-laureate-former-laboratory-director-and-passionate-advocate-of-science-education-dies-at-age-96/">Nachruf</a> bei <a href="Fermilab" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermilab">Fermilab</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.fnal.gov/2018/10/leon-lederman-nobel-laureate-former-laboratory-director-and-passionate-advocate-of-science-education-dies-at-age-96/"><i>Leon Lederman, Nobel laureate, former laboratory director and passionate advocate of science education, dies at age 96.</i></a> In: <i>news.fnal.gov.</i> Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 3.&nbsp;Oktober 2018,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 3.&nbsp;Oktober 2018</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ALeon+Max+Lederman&amp;rft.title=Leon+Lederman%2C+Nobel+laureate%2C+former+laboratory+director+and+passionate+advocate+of+science+education%2C+dies+at+age+96&amp;rft.description=Leon+Lederman%2C+Nobel+laureate%2C+former+laboratory+director+and+passionate+advocate+of+science+education%2C+dies+at+age+96&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.fnal.gov%2F2018%2F10%2Fleon-lederman-nobel-laureate-former-laboratory-director-and-passionate-advocate-of-science-education-dies-at-age-96%2F&amp;rft.publisher=Fermi+National+Accelerator+Laboratory&amp;rft.date=2018-10-03">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-apnews-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apnews_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apnews_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Keith Ridler: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/9b5d3d178b3140318e3801dca910a140"><i>Nobel Prize-winning physicist Leon Lederman dies at 96.</i></a> In: <i>APNews.com.</i> 4.&nbsp;Oktober 2018,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 5.&nbsp;Oktober 2018</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ALeon+Max+Lederman&amp;rft.title=Nobel+Prize-winning+physicist+Leon+Lederman+dies+at+96&amp;rft.description=Nobel+Prize-winning+physicist+Leon+Lederman+dies+at+96&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F9b5d3d178b3140318e3801dca910a140&amp;rft.creator=Keith+Ridler&amp;rft.date=2018-10-04">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/summary/"><i>The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988.</i></a> In: <i>nobelprize.org.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 6.&nbsp;Oktober 2018</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ALeon+Max+Lederman&amp;rft.title=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1988&amp;rft.description=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1988&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F1988%2Fsummary%2F">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nobel-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nobel_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/lederman/biographical/"><i>Leon M. Lederman. Biographical.</i></a> In: <i>nobelprize.org.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 25.&nbsp;Juli 2019</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ALeon+Max+Lederman&amp;rft.title=Leon+M.+Lederman.+Biographical&amp;rft.description=Leon+M.+Lederman.+Biographical&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F1988%2Flederman%2Fbiographical%2F">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-munzinger-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-munzinger_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.munzinger.de/register/portrait/biographien/_/00/000018718">Leon Max Lederman</a> im <a href="Munzinger-Archiv" title="Munzinger-Archiv">Munzinger-Archiv</a>, abgerufen am 25.&nbsp;Juli 2019 (Artikelanfang frei abrufbar)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Leon+M.+Lederman&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced"><i>Member History: Leon M. Lederman.</i></a> In: <i>search.amphilsoc.org.</i> American Philosophical Society,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 26.&nbsp;Oktober 2018</span> (englisch, mit biographischen Informationen).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ALeon+Max+Lederman&amp;rft.title=Member+History%3A+Leon+M.+Lederman&amp;rft.description=Member+History%3A+Leon+M.+Lederman&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DLeon%2BM.%2BLederman%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&amp;rft.publisher=American+Philosophical+Society&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}


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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030519072632/http://www.abc.org.br:80/sjbic/curriculo.asp?consulta=lederman"><i>Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico. Leon M. Lederman.</i></a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 19. Mai 2003 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>).</span>
</li>
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<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Liste_der_Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Physik">Träger des Nobelpreises für Physik</a></div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<p>1901:&nbsp;<a href="Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Röntgen</a>&nbsp;|
1902:&nbsp;<a href="Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Lorentz</a>, <a href="Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a>&nbsp;|
1903:&nbsp;<a href="Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M.&nbsp;Curie</a>, <a href="Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P.&nbsp;Curie</a>&nbsp;|
1904:&nbsp;<a href="John_Strutt%2C_3._Baron_Rayleigh" title="John Strutt, 3. Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a>&nbsp;|
1905:&nbsp;<a href="Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a>&nbsp;|
1906:&nbsp;<a href="Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Thomson</a>&nbsp;|
1907:&nbsp;<a href="Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a>&nbsp;|
1908:&nbsp;<a href="Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a>&nbsp;|
1909:&nbsp;<a href="Ferdinand_Braun" title="Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a>, <a href="Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a>&nbsp;|
1910:&nbsp;<a href="Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van&nbsp;der&nbsp;Waals</a>&nbsp;|
1911:&nbsp;<a href="Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a>&nbsp;|
1912:&nbsp;<a href="Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a>&nbsp;|
1913:&nbsp;<a href="Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh&nbsp;Onnes</a>&nbsp;|
1914:&nbsp;<a href="Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a>&nbsp;|
1915:&nbsp;<a href="William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;Bragg</a>, <a href="William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W.&nbsp;L.&nbsp;Bragg</a>&nbsp;|
1916:&nbsp;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&nbsp;|
1917:&nbsp;<a href="Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a>&nbsp;|
1918:&nbsp;<a href="Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a>&nbsp;|
1919:&nbsp;<a href="Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a>&nbsp;|
1920:&nbsp;<a href="Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a>&nbsp;|
1921:&nbsp;<a href="Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a>&nbsp;|
1922:&nbsp;<a href="Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a>&nbsp;|
1923:&nbsp;<a href="Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a>&nbsp;|
1924:&nbsp;<a href="Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a>&nbsp;|
1925:&nbsp;<a href="James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a>, <a href="Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz">Hertz</a>&nbsp;|
1926:&nbsp;<a href="Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin">Perrin</a>&nbsp;|
1927:&nbsp;<a href="Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a>, <a href="Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C.&nbsp;T.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;Wilson</a>&nbsp;|
1928:&nbsp;<a href="Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. W. Richardson</a>&nbsp;|
1929:&nbsp;<a href="Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de&nbsp;Broglie</a>&nbsp;|
1930:&nbsp;<a href="C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a>&nbsp;|
1931:&nbsp;<i>nicht&nbsp;verliehen</i>&nbsp;|
1932:&nbsp;<a href="Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a>&nbsp;|
1933:&nbsp;<a href="Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a>, <a href="Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a>&nbsp;|
1934:&nbsp;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&nbsp;|
1935:&nbsp;<a href="James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a>&nbsp;|
1936:&nbsp;<a href="Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;Anderson</a>&nbsp;|
1937:&nbsp;<a href="Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a>, <a href="George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;Thomson</a>&nbsp;|
1938:&nbsp;<a href="Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a>&nbsp;|
1939:&nbsp;<a href="Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a>&nbsp;|
1940–1942:&nbsp;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&nbsp;|
1943:&nbsp;<a href="Otto_Stern_(Physiker)" title="Otto Stern (Physiker)">Stern</a>&nbsp;|
1944:&nbsp;<a href="Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a>&nbsp;|
1945:&nbsp;<a href="Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a>&nbsp;|
1946:&nbsp;<a href="Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a>&nbsp;|
1947:&nbsp;<a href="Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a>&nbsp;|
1948:&nbsp;<a href="Patrick_Blackett%2C_Baron_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett">Blackett</a>&nbsp;|
1949:&nbsp;<a href="Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a>&nbsp;|
1950:&nbsp;<a href="Cecil_Powell" title="Cecil Powell">Powell</a>&nbsp;|
1951:&nbsp;<a href="John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a>, <a href="Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a>&nbsp;|
1952:&nbsp;<a href="Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a>&nbsp;|
1953:&nbsp;<a href="Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a>&nbsp;|
1954:&nbsp;<a href="Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a>, <a href="Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a>&nbsp;|
1955:&nbsp;<a href="Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Lamb</a>, <a href="Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a>&nbsp;|
1956:&nbsp;<a href="William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a>&nbsp;|
1957:&nbsp;<a href="Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a>, <a href="Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.-D.&nbsp;Lee</a>&nbsp;|
1958:&nbsp;<a href="Pawel_Alexejewitsch_Tscherenkow" title="Pawel Alexejewitsch Tscherenkow">Tscherenkow</a>, <a href="Ilja_Michailowitsch_Frank" title="Ilja Michailowitsch Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="Igor_Jewgenjewitsch_Tamm" title="Igor Jewgenjewitsch Tamm">Tamm</a>&nbsp;|
1959:&nbsp;<a href="Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a>, <a href="Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a>&nbsp;|
1960:&nbsp;<a href="Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a>&nbsp;|
1961:&nbsp;<a href="Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a>, <a href="Rudolf_M%C3%B6%C3%9Fbauer" title="Rudolf Mößbauer">Mößbauer</a>&nbsp;|
1962:&nbsp;<a href="Lew_Dawidowitsch_Landau" title="Lew Dawidowitsch Landau">Landau</a>&nbsp;|
1963:&nbsp;<a href="Eugene_Paul_Wigner" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a href="Johannes_Hans_Daniel_Jensen" title="Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen">Jensen</a>&nbsp;|
1964:&nbsp;<a href="Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a>, <a href="Nikolai_Gennadijewitsch_Bassow" title="Nikolai Gennadijewitsch Bassow">Bassow</a>, <a href="Alexander_Michailowitsch_Prochorow" title="Alexander Michailowitsch Prochorow">Prochorow</a>&nbsp;|
1965:&nbsp;<a href="Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a>, <a href="Julian_Seymour_Schwinger" title="Julian Seymour Schwinger">Schwinger</a>, <a href="Shin%E2%80%99ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin’ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a>&nbsp;|
1966:&nbsp;<a href="Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a>&nbsp;|
1967:&nbsp;<a href="Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a>&nbsp;|
1968:&nbsp;<a href="Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a>&nbsp;|
1969:&nbsp;<a href="Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a>&nbsp;|
1970:&nbsp;<a href="Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a>, <a href="Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a>&nbsp;|
1971:&nbsp;<a href="Dennis_G%C3%A1bor" title="Dennis Gábor">Gábor</a>&nbsp;|
1972:&nbsp;<a href="John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Cooper</a>, <a href="John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a>&nbsp;|
1973:&nbsp;<a href="Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a>, <a href="Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a>, <a href="Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a>&nbsp;|
1974:&nbsp;<a href="Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a>, <a href="Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a>&nbsp;|
1975:&nbsp;<a href="Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. N. Bohr</a>, <a href="Ben_Mottelson" title="Ben Mottelson">Mottelson</a>, <a href="James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a>&nbsp;|
1976:&nbsp;<a href="Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a>, <a href="Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting" title="Samuel Chao Chung Ting">Ting</a>&nbsp;|
1977:&nbsp;<a href="Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a href="Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a>, <a href="John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van&nbsp;Vleck</a>&nbsp;|
1978:&nbsp;<a href="Pjotr_Leonidowitsch_Kapiza" title="Pjotr Leonidowitsch Kapiza">Kapiza</a>, <a href="Arno_Penzias" title="Arno Penzias">Penzias</a>, <a href="Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;Wilson</a>&nbsp;|
1979:&nbsp;<a href="Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a href="Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a>, <a href="Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a>&nbsp;|
1980:&nbsp;<a href="James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a>, <a href="Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Fitch</a>&nbsp;|
1981:&nbsp;<a href="Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a>, <a href="Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K.&nbsp;Siegbahn</a>&nbsp;|
1982:&nbsp;<a href="Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">K. Wilson</a>&nbsp;|
1983:&nbsp;<a href="Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a>&nbsp;|
1984:&nbsp;<a href="Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a>, <a href="Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van&nbsp;der&nbsp;Meer</a>&nbsp;|
1985:&nbsp;<a href="Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a>&nbsp;|
1986:&nbsp;<a href="Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a>, <a href="Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a>&nbsp;|
1987:&nbsp;<a href="Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a>, <a href="Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a>&nbsp;|
1988:&nbsp;<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lederman</a>, <a href="Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a>, <a href="Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a>&nbsp;|
1989:&nbsp;<a href="Wolfgang_Paul_(Physiker)" title="Wolfgang Paul (Physiker)">Paul</a>, <a href="Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a>, <a href="Norman_Ramsey" title="Norman Ramsey">Ramsey</a>&nbsp;|
1990:&nbsp;<a href="Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a>, <a href="Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">R. E. Taylor</a>&nbsp;|
1991:&nbsp;<a href="Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de&nbsp;Gennes</a>&nbsp;|
1992:&nbsp;<a href="Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a>&nbsp;|
1993:&nbsp;<a href="Russell_Hulse" title="Russell Hulse">Hulse</a>, <a href="Joseph_Hooton_Taylor%2C_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.">J.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;Taylor</a>&nbsp;|
1994:&nbsp;<a href="Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a>, <a href="Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a>&nbsp;|
1995:&nbsp;<a href="Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a>&nbsp;|
1996:&nbsp;<a href="David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. M. Lee</a>, <a href="Douglas_Dean_Osheroff" title="Douglas Dean Osheroff">Osheroff</a>, <a href="Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;Richardson</a>&nbsp;|
1997:&nbsp;<a href="Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a>, <a href="Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a href="William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a>&nbsp;|
1998:&nbsp;<a href="Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Laughlin</a>, <a href="Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a>, <a href="Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Tsui</a>&nbsp;|
1999:&nbsp;<a href="Gerard_%E2%80%99t_Hooft" title="Gerard ’t Hooft">’t&nbsp;Hooft</a>, <a href="Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a>&nbsp;|
2000:&nbsp;<a href="Schores_Iwanowitsch_Alfjorow" title="Schores Iwanowitsch Alfjorow">Alfjorow</a>, <a href="Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a>, <a href="Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a>&nbsp;|
2001:&nbsp;<a href="Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a>, <a href="Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a>, <a href="Carl_Edwin_Wieman" title="Carl Edwin Wieman">Wieman</a>&nbsp;|
2002:&nbsp;<a href="Raymond_Davis_junior" title="Raymond Davis junior">Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a>, <a href="Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a>&nbsp;|
2003:&nbsp;<a href="Alexei_Alexejewitsch_Abrikossow" title="Alexei Alexejewitsch Abrikossow">Abrikossow</a>, <a href="Witali_Lasarewitsch_Ginsburg" title="Witali Lasarewitsch Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a>, <a href="Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a>&nbsp;|
2004:&nbsp;<a href="David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a>, <a href="David_Politzer" title="David Politzer">Politzer</a>, <a href="Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a>&nbsp;|
2005:&nbsp;<a href="Roy_Jay_Glauber" title="Roy Jay Glauber">Glauber</a>, <a href="John_Lewis_Hall" title="John Lewis Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a>&nbsp;|
2006:&nbsp;<a href="John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather">Mather</a>, <a href="George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a>&nbsp;|
2007:&nbsp;<a href="Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a>, <a href="Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a>&nbsp;|
2008:&nbsp;<a href="Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nambu" title="Yōichirō Nambu">Nambu</a>, <a href="Makoto_Kobayashi_(Physiker)" title="Makoto Kobayashi (Physiker)">Kobayashi</a>, <a href="Toshihide_Masukawa" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Maskawa</a>&nbsp;|
2009:&nbsp;<a href="Charles_Kuen_Kao" title="Charles Kuen Kao">Kao</a>, <a href="Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a>, <a href="George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a>&nbsp;|
2010:&nbsp;<a href="Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a>, <a href="Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a>&nbsp;|
2011:&nbsp;<a href="Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="Brian_P._Schmidt" title="Brian P. Schmidt">Schmidt</a>, <a href="Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a>&nbsp;|
2012:&nbsp;<a href="Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a>, <a href="David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a>&nbsp;|
2013:&nbsp;<a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a>, <a href="Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a>&nbsp;|
2014:&nbsp;<a href="Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a>, <a href="Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a>, <a href="Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a>&nbsp;|
2015:&nbsp;<a href="Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a>, <a href="Arthur_McDonald" title="Arthur McDonald">McDonald</a>&nbsp;|
2016:&nbsp;<a href="David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a>, <a href="F._Duncan_M._Haldane" title="F. Duncan M. Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a>&nbsp;|
2017:&nbsp;<a href="Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a>, <a href="Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a>, <a href="Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a>&nbsp;|
2018:&nbsp;<a href="Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a>, <a href="G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a>, <a href="Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a>&nbsp;|
2019:&nbsp;<a href="James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a>, <a href="Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a>, <a href="Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a>&nbsp;|
2020:&nbsp;<a href="Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a>, <a href="Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a>, <a href="Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a>&nbsp;|
2021:&nbsp;<a href="Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a>, <a href="Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a>, <a href="Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a>&nbsp;|
2022:&nbsp;<a href="Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a>, <a href="John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a>, <a href="Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a>&nbsp;|
2023:&nbsp;<a href="Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a>, <a href="Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a>, <a href="Anne_L%E2%80%99Huillier" title="Anne L’Huillier">L’Huillier</a>&nbsp;|
2024:&nbsp;<a href="John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a>, <a href="Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a>&nbsp;|
2025:&nbsp;<a href="John_Clarke_(Physiker)" title="John Clarke (Physiker)">Clarke</a>, <a href="Michel_Devoret" title="Michel Devoret">Devoret</a>, <a href="John_M._Martinis" title="John M. Martinis">Martinis</a>
</p>
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<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf">Träger des <a href="Wolf-Preis" title="Wolf-Preis">Wolf-Preises</a> in Physik</div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<p>1978: <a href="Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a>&nbsp;|
1979: <a href="George_Eugene_Uhlenbeck" title="George Eugene Uhlenbeck">George Eugene Uhlenbeck</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Giuseppe_Occhialini" title="Giuseppe Occhialini">Giuseppe Occhialini</a>&nbsp;|
1980: <a href="Michael_E._Fisher" title="Michael E. Fisher">Michael E. Fisher</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">Kenneth Wilson</a>&nbsp;|
1981: <a href="Freeman_J._Dyson" title="Freeman J. Dyson">Freeman J. Dyson</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Gerard_%E2%80%99t_Hooft" title="Gerard ’t Hooft">Gerard ’t Hooft</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Victor Weisskopf</a>&nbsp;|
1982: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leon Max Lederman</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Martin Lewis Perl</a>&nbsp;|
1983/4: <a href="Erwin_Hahn_(Physiker)" title="Erwin Hahn (Physiker)">Erwin Hahn</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Peter_B._Hirsch" title="Peter B. Hirsch">Peter B. Hirsch</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Theodore_Maiman" title="Theodore Maiman">Theodore Maiman</a>&nbsp;|
1984/5: <a href="Conyers_Herring" title="Conyers Herring">Conyers Herring</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Philippe_Nozi%C3%A8res" title="Philippe Nozières">Philippe Nozières</a>&nbsp;|
1986: <a href="Mitchell_Feigenbaum" title="Mitchell Feigenbaum">Mitchell Feigenbaum</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Albert_J._Libchaber" title="Albert J. Libchaber">Albert J. Libchaber</a>&nbsp;|
1987: <a href="Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a>&nbsp;|
1988: <a href="Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a>&nbsp;|
1989: <i>nicht vergeben</i>&nbsp;|
1990: <a href="Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a>,&nbsp;<a href="David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">David J. Thouless</a>&nbsp;|
1991: <a href="Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Valentine_Telegdi" title="Valentine Telegdi">Valentine Telegdi</a>&nbsp;|
1992: <a href="Joseph_Hooton_Taylor%2C_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.">Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.</a>&nbsp;|
1993: <a href="Beno%C3%AEt_Mandelbrot" title="Benoît Mandelbrot">Benoît Mandelbrot</a>&nbsp;|
1994/5: <a href="Witali_Lasarewitsch_Ginsburg" title="Witali Lasarewitsch Ginsburg">Witali Ginsburg</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nambu" title="Yōichirō Nambu">Yōichirō Nambu</a>&nbsp;|
1995/6: <i>nicht vergeben</i>&nbsp;|
1996/7: <a href="John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a>&nbsp;|
1998: <a href="Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Michael_Berry_(Physiker)" title="Michael Berry (Physiker)">Michael Berry</a>&nbsp;|
1999: <a href="Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a>&nbsp;|
2000: <a href="Raymond_Davis_junior" title="Raymond Davis junior">Raymond Davis junior</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a>&nbsp;|
2001: <i>nicht vergeben</i>&nbsp;|
2002/3: <a href="Bertrand_Halperin" title="Bertrand Halperin">Bertrand Halperin</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony James Leggett</a>&nbsp;|
2004: <a href="Robert_Brout" title="Robert Brout">Robert Brout</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a>&nbsp;|
2005: <a href="Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a>&nbsp;|
2006/7: <a href="Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a>&nbsp;|
2008–2009: <i>nicht vergeben</i>&nbsp;|
2010: <a href="John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">John Clauser</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Anton Zeilinger</a>&nbsp;|
2011: <a href="Maximilian_Haider_(Physiker)" title="Maximilian Haider (Physiker)">Maximilian Haider</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Harald_Rose_(Physiker)" title="Harald Rose (Physiker)">Harald Rose</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Knut_Urban" title="Knut Urban">Knut Urban</a>&nbsp;|
2012: <a href="Jacob_Bekenstein" title="Jacob Bekenstein">Jacob Bekenstein</a>&nbsp;|
2013: <a href="Peter_Zoller" title="Peter Zoller">Peter Zoller</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Juan_Ignacio_Cirac_Sasturain" title="Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain">Ignacio Cirac</a>&nbsp;|
2014: <i>nicht vergeben</i>&nbsp;|
2015: <a href="James_Bjorken" title="James Bjorken">James Bjorken</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Robert_Kirshner" title="Robert Kirshner">Robert Kirshner</a>&nbsp;|
2016: <a href="Yoseph_Imry" title="Yoseph Imry">Yoseph Imry</a>&nbsp;|
2017: <a href="Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a>&nbsp;|
2018: <a href="Charles_H._Bennett_(Physiker)" title="Charles H. Bennett (Physiker)">Charles H. Bennett</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Gilles_Brassard" title="Gilles Brassard">Gilles Brassard</a>&nbsp;|
2019: <i>nicht vergeben</i>&nbsp;|
2020: <a href="Rafi_Bistritzer" title="Rafi Bistritzer">Rafi Bistritzer</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Pablo_Jarillo-Herrero" title="Pablo Jarillo-Herrero">Pablo Jarillo-Herrero</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Allan_H._MacDonald" title="Allan H. MacDonald">Allan H. MacDonald</a>&nbsp;|
2021: <a href="Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a>&nbsp;|
2022: <a href="Anne_L%E2%80%99Huillier" title="Anne L’Huillier">Anne L’Huillier</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Paul_Corkum" title="Paul Corkum">Paul Corkum</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Ferenc Krausz</a>&nbsp;|
2023: <i>nicht vergeben</i>&nbsp;|
2024: <a href="Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a>
</p>
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<div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-p" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten">
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Normdaten&nbsp;(Person): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119560429">119560429</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88265847">n88265847</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7451165/">7451165</a></span> | </div>
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